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Zefiro is a family of High-speed rail passenger trains designed by Bombardier Transportation (now Alstom) whose variants have top operating speeds of between ; and .
The family consists of: the Zefiro 250, which has a top operating speed of and is for the moment wholly manufactured in China; the Zefiro 300, which has a top operating speed of but design speed up to ; and the Zefiro 380, which has a top operating speed of and design speed up to .
As of 2024, Zefiro 250, 380 and Express have become part of the Avelia Stream high speed train family.
Additionally the company has independently produced high-speed trainsets for specific markets, such as CRH1, "Xinshisu" (China), X 2000, Regina (Sweden) and Class 71 (Norway).
In November 2005 Bombardier launched its general solution, the Zefiro single-deck train for high-speed rail lines, available in 4-, 8-,12- or 16-car sets, capable of being configured for a variety of supply voltages, ZEFIRO high speed trains Project Overview bombardier.com and produced in either standard () or a wide () widths. Bombardier launches high-speed train International Railway Journal, December 2005, via findarticles.com
In December 2021 Alstom announced plans to transfer the intellectual property and business activities associated with the Zefiro V300 to Hitachi Rail. This was a condition of Alstom's acquisition of Bombardier put in place by the European Commission in order to remain compliant with EU competition law. The transaction was completed on 1 July 2022.
Trains are made up of 4-car units, each of which contains a transformer and its own power supply. Typically, the end cars of each 4-car unit have powered bogies, with the two middle cars being unpowered. The pantograph is located on one of the unpowered cars.
The specifications for all current designs (2009) describe asynchronous three-phase motors, with forced air cooling. However, Bombardier also offers the option of permanent-magnet synchronous motors MITRAC Permanent Magnet Motor bombardier.com (which it groups in its "ECO4" energy-saving technologies), ECO4: Revolutionary Energy-Saving Technologies bombardier.com which were tested on modified Regina trains in 2008 on the "Green Train" (). ECO4 – Now, More than Ever, the Climate is Right for Trains page 5 bombardier.com
Starting acceleration is greater than , with a 16-car train weight of and an axle load of , bogie type is that found on the Regina with wheelbase with 63% of axles motorized.
In July 2010, the Ministry of Railways ordered 40 more 8-car CRH1E Zefiro high-speed trains from the Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd joint venture.
In September 2012, based on a modified contract with Bombardier, the MOR ordered an additional 106 8-car trains, 60 of which are to be a new variant, designated the Zefiro 250NG. This variant is an evolution of the original, and will utilize different materials in order to provide weight savings and more efficient operation.
A variant of the Zefiro 300 was offered by Bombardier in association with AnsaldoBreda to Trenitalia, the Italian national railway service, as part of a bid for 50 new high-speed trainsets in 2010. Trenitalia selected this bid as the winner on 5 August 2010. These entered service in 2015 and are designated Frecciarossa 1000.
An evolution of the Zefiro 300 platform was also offered by a joint venture between Bombardier (later Alstom) and Hitachi Rail for the HS2 rolling stock tender for its first phase, for which it was awarded the contract for 54 trainsets.
Under China Railways' use these trains have been designated CRH1C (8-car set) and CRH1D (16-car set). The New High Speed Superpower www.eurotrib.com which was in December 2010 revised to CRH380C and CRH380CL and once again to CRH380D (8-car set) & CRH380DL (16-car set) according to the new numbering system.Ministry of Railway, Passenger Division, Bulletin Nr. 807, 2010
As of September 2012, the order has been amended to include only seventy 8-car sets, designated as the CRH380D and additional 46 Zefiro 250 and 60 Zefiro 250NG.
All the 85 trainsets have been delivered and are currently operated by Shanghai Railway Bureau & Chengdu Railway Bureau.
Västtrafik then expected that the first train set will arrive in Västerås in April 2022, and that another four train sets will be delivered to Sweden during the spring. The first vehicles were due to be operating in the traffic in spring 2024 The trains are designed for the colder weather conditions under which the fleet will operate, including temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius and snow drifts up to 80cm deep.
They are equipped with a winter package including an uprated propulsion system, a single-axle drive and enhanced slip-slide regulation. The bodyshells were manufactured by Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd in China with final fit-out of all other components performed at the LEW Hennigsdorf in Germany. The trains have been thoroughly temperature tested already, and will be tested further in Sweden during winter 2022.
In 2023, it was reported that the delivery would be further delayed to 2025, due to adjustments needed to indoor climate control following intensive winter tests.
The trains will have 363 seats, and designed to handle running at temperatures of -40 degrees Celsius. Train systems are designed to operate in both Sweden and Denmark, as well being certified to operate in Norway.
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